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Altruism in Biblical Texts and Philosophical and Religious Texts of China
Kříž, Martin ; Brož, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Matějec, Tomáš (referee)
Altruism in Biblical Texts and Philosophical-Religious Texts of China Keywords Altruism, Old Testament, New Testament, Christianity, agape, social teaching of the church, secularism, atheism, sociobiology, Confucianism. The topic of this thesis is altruism as it is manifested in the texts of the Old and New Testaments, in the social doctrine of the Church and in Confucianism. Altruism is described as a very abstract concept that originated and came into use in a certain polemic against religious concepts, and attention is given to how further usage has blurred this polemical edge and how Christians themselves use it. The thesis compares the concept of altruism with the specific concepts of amor, eros, caritas and agape in the Christian tradition. The concept of altruism in the Western tradition of thought from Aguste Comte to contemporary sociobiologists is discussed. An excursus into Chinese culture shows an ethical system with different starting points. The social doctrine of the Church as a response to current problems and new currents of thought is presented from the late 19th century to the present.
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The Final Externalization of the Others and its Consequences for the Turkish Foreign Policy
Chvátal, Viktor ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of Turkish Foreign Policy (TFP) towards the sub- regions of Central Eurasia (the Middle East and Central Asia) in the period between 1991 and 2010. Theoretically, this thesis combines a modified version of social constructivism with the assumptions of critical geopolitics. Interconnecting social constructivism with the Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), this thesis targets the domestic level of analysis. Therefore, the ideational background of the decision-makers is examined. Although, the potential impact of the identity variable on the TFP articulation is investigated after 1991 only, the genesis of the long-term identity conflict within the Turkish (Ottoman) society is also included in the analyses. Given the geopolitical part, this thesis draws upon the basic critical insight that the geopolitical argumentation is based on discursive rather than material factors. The aim is to identify the geopolitical metaphors which had been, in the examined period, applied while dealing with the above mentioned sub-regions. At this stage, the theoretical approaches are logically synthetized and the genesis and usage of the geopolitical metaphors is examined in relation to the identity of those who formulated them. This diploma thesis proves that the identity conflict...
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Islam in Tatarstan in the nineties of 20th century
Maršálková, Kristina ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
Diploma thesis Islam in Tatarstan in the nineties of 20th century presents an analysis of Islam and Muslim community in the Republic of Tatarstan at the end of 20th century. During this period Tatarstan not only gained its statehood, but the Islamic revival started thanks to the restoration of religious freedom. This diploma thesis is divided into five chapters. After the short historical excursus, the Islamic revival and its connection with Tatar national movement are presented. Consequently, the relation between Muslim clerics and politics and also the regime's attitude towards Islam is analyzed. This analysis leads to a conclusion that even though Islam was not a good instrument for electors' mobilization and clerics could not influence the politics, we can consider Islam as being unofficial state religion. Next two chapters focus on Tatar Muslim community. First the development of Muslim community in the nineties is analyzed. The influence of the Middle East charitable funds and Islamic education is investigated in more detail. The fifth chapter emphasizes the world-view of Muslims, their perception of religion, their own ethnicity and politics. Different trends of Islam, which appeared in the nineties, are presented too. The analysis demonstrates that Islam in Tatarstan was an important...
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Comparative Study between the 2016 Failed Military Coup and Previous Successful Coups in Turkey
Safarli, Adil ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
The 2016 Turkish failed coup attempt was a striking political event of the year. Although Turkey is a country with a long history of successful military intervention and deep-rooted coup culture, the coup organizers could not achieve the desired outcome in 2016. The coups of 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997 have resulted in the government's change where the military played an important role by influencing the political sphere. However, the result was different in the coup attempt carried out on 15 July 2016. As the President, a large segment of military, political parties and a significant part of the society had an anti-coup attitude and stood up against the military coup. For this reason, the thesis attempts to compare the 2016 Turkish failed coup with the previous successful coups of 1960, 1971, 1980, and 1997's in Turkey. The comparison is based on the hypotheses built on four civil-military relation theories and concepts: Military Professionalism, Civilian Supremacy, Social Cohesion and Public Institutionalism. According to the analyses, the findings indicate that the theories of Civilian Supremacy and Public Institutionalism better explain the failure of 2016 and the success of the previous coups than other theories.
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Muslims in Post-Christian Czechia
Bartheldi, Layla ; Abu Ghosh, Yasar (advisor) ; Ezzeddine, Petra (referee)
How does it happen that somebody is perceived as "Normal" and somebody as "the Other"? It is more likely to encounter Muslim in the media or a pub debate than in the public space. Muslims in Czechia are sometimes defined as an invisible minority; however, their presence arouses strong emotions. In my thesis, which is based primarily on data gained in ethnographical interviews, I am exploring how Czech practicing believers perceive and reflect the influence of the discursive image of the "Muslim" on their lives. I am interested in the consequences of the contemporary dominant discourse on the space in which Muslims negotiate their positions on an institutional and personal level. I am also mapping their reactions to the situation and coping strategies. Keywords: Muslims, Czechia, Discursive Image, Postcolonialism, Post-Christianity, Secularism
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Foreign Policy of Obama's and Trump's Administration towards Turkey
Kučera, Jakub ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the comparison of Barack Obama's and Donald Trump's policies towards Turkey in the context of the current crisis in the relationship with United States. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question of whether the policies of the two presidents were coherent and how the possible differences are reflected in today's deteriorating relations. The work focuses on three areas: cooperation inside NATO, the Kurdish minority issue, and the transformation of the domestic political situation in Turkey. The thesis argues that despite a different general approach to foreign policy, the concrete steps taken by both Presidents towards Turkey do not differ significantly. Obama's disillusionment with the perception of the U.S.-Turkey relationship as a model partnership has considerably changed his own policy in the second term. Within NATO, Trump followed up on Obama's policy towards Turkey through the support of the missile defense system and the ongoing use of US military facilities inside Turkey. The Kurdish question represents the most critical point in the relationship. Trump has so far supported Kurdish cooperation to the same extent as Obama, but recent agreements with Erdoğan may lead to a change in his approach and to a consequent improvement in relations. The different attitude...
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Social Construction of Reality and the Future of Religions in Postmodern Europe
Davidov, Tomáš ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
In this thesis, aimed on social construction of reality, I will be mainly concentrate, besides clasical sociological pieces, on thoughts of American philosopher - Richard Rorty. For this reason, the first part will be dedicated to his most well-known works, in which the so-called turn from objectivity to solidarty, to the several influences that caused this process and to the conclusions that end in liberal irony. Especially those postmodern conclusions i would like to re-think and try to apply in the second part of this thesis on the nowadays religiosity in Europe, with emphasis on option of inter-religious dialogue between islam and the West.
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Muslim Democracy in Turkey
Scholzová, Markéta ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Váňová, Ludmila (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze the transformations of concept of secularism from a long- term perspective of the formation and consolidation of Turkish republic between 1923 - 2013. Central contention is that secularism, as a social phenomenon, was originally understood as an integral part of state-led modernization project, sponsored by Turkish armed forces between 1920s and early 1980s. However since late 1980s and particularly under AKP governments (2002 - 2014) secularism - branded as Kemalism has gradually become a subject of intense conflicts and new interpretations seeking to reconcile Turkish secularist principles with new forms of public participation driven by Islamic symbols. Keywords Democracy, secularism, authoritarian regime, Kemalism, army, political parties, AKP, islam, religious symbols, islamic clothing
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Middle Eastern Conflict in the French Public Space (2000-2010)
Nekvapil, Václav ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
of Ph.D. thesis: Middle Eastern Conflict in the French Public Space (2000-2010) Václav Nekvapil, 2013 The main objective of the thesis is to analyse and typologise French social discourse on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict based on a reflection of certain opinions, interests, stances and values associated with today's Jewishness and Jewish diasporic identity. The research also contains an analysis of the official political-diplomatic discourse of both Presidents Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy. Based on the methodology of typologisation and critical discourse analysis, we distinguish three basic positions related to the debate on the abovementioned topics in the years 2000- 2010: republican, anti-imperialist and neoconservative. The thesis elaborates on attitudes of presidents of the French Fifth Republic towards Israel and how their policies have been perceived by the Jewish community. The community as such is also a matter of the research: its changing religiosity, demography, immigration of Nord African Jewry and the attitude towards Zionism and the State of Israel. The thesis follows four main thematic axes when analysing arguments of the most important speakers. First, when analysing the duty of memory (devoir de mémoire), the author carefully examines moral argumentation concerning the...
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Formation and Development of National Identity in Modern Turkey
Jandl, Dominik ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Koubek, Jiří (referee)
Student will focus on analyzing the formation and development of the construct of national identity in early modern Turkey, namely in the first two decades after the proclamation of the Republic in 1923 in his thesis. First he will observe the process of formulation of national identity in the late Ottoman Empire and the developmental turbulence leading to the Turkish Republic. Next, the student will focus on the period after the founding of the Republic, and in particular the ideology of reform elites around Mustafa Kemal. Author will analyze the relation between national identity and establishing a new state - especially the instrumental role of nationalism in order to create a strong government that would represent a clear break with the tradition of backward multinational Ottoman Empire. From the analysis of the context, the author will move on to a specific analysis of nationalist ideology, adopted after its formation by the newly established state and a new ruling Republican People's Party. Especially in the classic form of the "Six Arrows" (ALTI ok - republicanism, populism, secularism, revolucionismus, nationalism and statism) from 1931 and other key documents.
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